Optimisation-based system designs for deep offshore wind farms including power to gas technologies

A large deployment of energy storage solutions will be required by the stochastic and non-controllable nature most renewable sources when planning for higher penetration electricity into mix. Various have been suggested dealing with medium- long-term storage. Hydrogen ammonia are two frequently discussed as they both carbon-free fuels. In this paper, authors analyse cost efficiency hydrogen ammonia-based pathways storage, transportation, final use excess from an offshore wind farm. The problem is solved a linear programming problem, simultaneously optimising size each unit respective time-dependent operational conditions. As case study, we consider farm 1.5 GW located in reference location North Scotland. whole chain evaluated compared competitive alternatives, namely, batteries liquid results show that can part optimal solution. Moreover, their provide significant, cost-effective contribution to extensive national systems.